Background Information
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition that occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) between the stomach and the esophagus is unable to adequately prevent the upward reflux of the stomach’s contents into the esophagus. Studies have shown that coffee consumption is associated with an increased risk of GERD symptoms. This fact gives rise to the question of whether drinking coffee is bad for GERD.
Coffee and GERD Symptoms
Research suggests that drinking coffee can increase the risk of GERD symptoms. For example, a large epidemiological study in 2017 found that people who drank more than 4 cups of coffee per day were more likely to experience symptoms like regurgitation, acid reflux, and heartburn. Additionally, a systematic review of experimental studies found that coffee can increase the risk of reflux symptoms, though it was noted that the quality of evidence was poor.
Coffee and GERD Disease
In addition to potentially inducing GERD symptoms, research suggests that coffee may also increase the risk of developing GERD disease. For example, a 2011 study found that consuming more than 2 cups of coffee daily increased the risk of developing GERD disease by up to 3.6 times. Another study found that drinking decaffeinated coffee was associated with an increased risk of GERD disease, though this risk was lower compared to drinking caffeinated coffee.
Coffee and Reflux Drugs
Despite the potential risk associated with drinking coffee, there is some evidence that it may provide relief from GERD symptoms in some individuals. A systematic review found that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs, such as omeprazole, can reduce the effects of coffee on GERD symptoms. However, this same review noted that the quality of evidence was low, and more research is needed.
Other Lifestyle Changes for GERD
Although caffeine may be a trigger for some people, lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of experiencing symptoms. Avoiding certain foods, such as peppermint, garlic, onions, and citrus, may reduce symptoms. Additionally, stopping the use of alcohol and tobacco products can reduce the risk of developing GERD.
Weight Loss and Exercise
If an individual has been diagnosed with GERD, losing weight and increasing activity levels may help reduce symptoms. Research has found that even modest weight loss can help improve GERD symptoms. Additionally, a systematic review of studies found that regular physical activity can help reduce GERD symptoms.
Conclusion
In summary, though there is evidence suggesting that consuming coffee can increase the risk of GERD symptoms and disease, certain lifestyle modifications and medications can potentially reduce this risk. Further research is needed to determine the optimal lifestyle and dietary modifications that individuals can make to reduce the risk of experiencing GERD symptoms.
