Physiological Impact
Research indicates that caffeine passes from a breastfeeding mother’s bloodstream into her breastmilk. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), an average of 0.06% of the caffeine a mother consumes is transferred to her breastmilk. This minor amount of caffeine intake does not have an adverse effect on a baby. However, large caffeine intakes can have a diuretic effect on breastfeeding women and lead to dehydration, which can have a negative impact on the quality of their breastmilk and their ability to produce it.
Caffeine can also increase a mother’s levels of the hormone adrenaline, leading to feelings of nervousness, jitteriness, and insomnia. Increased adrenaline levels might cause a baby to fuss and be irritable. Some experts recommend that mothers limit their coffee intake to a maximum of 300mg per day, which is approximately 2-3 small cups of coffee.
Alternatives
Since large amounts of caffeine consumption can negatively affect a breastfeeding mother, alternative beverages can be drunk in its stead. Herbal teas, such as chamomile and mint, are naturally caffeine free and are suitable for consumption by breastfeeding women. Vitamin-enriched juices, water, and other energy-containing drinks, such as Smoothies and energy drinks, are suitable for consumption by breastfeeding women.
Weight Gain
Caffeine intake can influence a woman’s weight gain after pregnancy. Excessive caffeine consumption can lead to increased levels of cortisol, a hormone produced during stress and illness. Too much cortisol can increase a woman’s appetite, leading to overeating and potentially larger appetites during breastfeeding.
Mental Energy
Coffee offers mothers a welcome boost of mental energy, particularly during the sleep-deprived months of the infant stage. A few cups of coffee throughout the day can increase the levels of serotonin and dopamine, the body’s two pleasure-sensing hormones. Consequently, mothers may experience greater emotional stability and a positive improvement in their mood if they decide to drink coffee.
Sleep Patterns
Research indicates that caffeine can cause sleep disturbances in babies and toddlers. As such, mothers should take into account when their baby usually sleeps when considering whether to drink coffee throughout the day. If a baby usually naps in the afternoon, for example, mothers should limit their coffee consumption during that period to avoid sleep disturbances.
Individual Preferences
The effects of caffeine vary from person to person, and it is therefore important to be mindful of how an individual’s body responds to caffeine. If a mother experiences any adverse effects while consuming coffee, such as increased stress levels or difficulty sleeping, she should reduce her intake or switch to an alternative beverage.
Nutritional Benefits
Coffee is rich in magnesium, manganese, and other vital nutrients, and can therefore have beneficial qualities for breastfeeding women. Magnesium increases milk production, and its anti-stress qualities can help to soothe a mother’s nerves. However, the nutritional benefits provided by coffee must be weighed up against its potential impact on milk production and the baby’s well-being.
Social Support
Becoming a mother is a life-changing experience and can help to bring about significant lifestyle changes. Spending time with friends for coffee is a good way for new mothers to feel connected and receive the social support and encouragement they need.
Break Time
Frequently, mothers only have short pockets of time away from the baby, and caffeine can provide a welcome boost during this period. Drinking coffee is one way of taking valuable moments to relax and spend time alone or with friends and family.
Caffeine Sensitivity
While the effects of caffeine intake vary from individual to individual, some babies are more sensitive to its presence in breastmilk than others. If a baby shows signs of distress or fussiness after the mother has been drinking coffee, she should consider reducing or limiting her intake if possible.
Health Research
Mothers should always consult with a health professional, such as a doctor or nutritionist, in order to receive tailored advice based on their individual needs. With the aid of health professionals, mothers can make informed decisions about caffeine intake and its potential impact.
Fatigue
Fatigue is a common symptom amongst mothers during breastfeeding. For some, the extra workload and responsibility that motherhood brings can result in exhaustion. Caffeine can be used to increase concentration and alertness during the day, however mothers must take into account the potential effects of caffeine intake on breastmilk production and sharing of nighttime feeds with their baby’s father.
Weight Loss
When used to replace sugary drinks, caffeine can be beneficial for weight loss efforts. Caffeine can increase metabolic rate and reduce feelings of hunger, making it an ideal choice if a mother is looking to lose weight.
Moods
While the presence of caffeine in breastmilk has not been linked to an adverse effect on a baby’s mood, mothers can be sensitive to its effects. If a mother consumes a large amount of coffee, she might experience a feeling of anxiety or irritability.
Circadian Rhythm
Adhering to the baby’s sleep schedule is paramount for helping them to establish a healthy circadian rhythm. If caffeine consumption interferes with the baby’s nap schedule, for example, mothers may need to limit their coffee intake to avoid disruption.
Alcohol Consumption
Under no circumstances should mothers consume alcohol while breastfeeding, as it can have a detrimental effect on both their baby’s physical and mental health. Even a single unit of alcohol can pass to the baby via breastmilk and directly into their bloodstream, and should therefore be avoided.
