When it comes to the debate over whether or not coffee can raise blood pressure, opinions appear to be split. While some believe that too much caffeine can lead to higher blood pressure, others argue that the effect is negligible.
Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and certain energy drinks. It works by stimulating the central nervous system, raising blood pressure, heart rate, and alertness. The amount of caffeine taken in by a person’s body depends on how much they drink, as well as how efficiently their body absorbs it. Some studies have suggested that even a small cup of coffee can raise blood pressure.
However, a meta-analysis of several studies in 2017 concluded that moderate amounts of coffee (three to four cups per day) didn’t significantly increase blood pressure. A study by Harvard Medical School followed more than 200,000 people for 16 years and found no association between coffee intake and increased risk of hypertension.
A 2017 review also concluded that drinking coffee on a regular basis doesn’t necessarily lead to a rise in blood pressure. The researchers pointed out that since regular, moderate consumption of coffee does not appear to cause an increase in hypertension, it can be safely consumed for pleasure.
According to Dr. Rohit Arora, a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic, the jury is still out on the effects of caffeine and blood pressure levels. He states that while occasional consumption of coffee won’t lead to high blood pressure, it is possible that drinking too much can. He recommends that those at risk of hypertension or on medication to treat it, should avoid consuming more than two cups of coffee a day.
Dr. Brent M. Wesner of the Indiana Heart Institute agrees, noting that caffeine can raise blood pressure in people who are sensitive to it. However, he stresses that the effect is usually temporary and often only happens to those who are particularly susceptible to the effects of caffeine. He suggests that people monitor their blood pressure on days when they have drank caffeinated beverages to identify any potential links.
Moreover, studies have shown that the potential effects of caffeine on blood pressure are dose-dependent. For example, a 2017 study of 5,000 people found that those who drank over four servings of coffee per day had a higher risk of hypertension than those who drank fewer.
Genetics and Drinking Coffee
When it comes to whether coffee increases blood pressure, genetics could be a major factor. A 2017 study found that among people who have a variation of a specific gene, caffeine consumption could cause a temporary rise in blood pressure, while those without the variation experienced no change.
This suggests that genes may influence a person’s susceptibility to caffeine-related blood pressure increases. However, the study noted that further research is needed to determine if genetics play a role in coffee’s effects on blood pressure.
Coffee and Heart Disease
There is some evidence to suggest that coffee may offer health benefits, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In particular, a 2010 meta-analysis of more than 120 studies concluded that coffee drinkers may have a lower risk of heart attack, stroke, and coronary heart disease.
However, the researchers also noted that this doesn’t mean coffee is good for everyone. In fact, some studies suggest that in certain people, coffee may raise cholesterol levels, which can raise the risk of heart disease. Additionally, a 2015 review concluded that caffeine can have an adverse effect on people with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension.
Therefore, if you have a heart condition, it’s essential to limit your caffeine intake and be mindful of how much coffee you’re drinking. Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about the possible effects of caffeine on your blood pressure.
Coffee and Stress Levels
Another factor to consider is the role caffeine may play in stress levels. Studies have found that drinking coffee can result in lower levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol. This in turn may have a positive effect on blood pressure. For example, a 2014 study of 98 adults found that after drinking coffee, the participants had lower cortisol levels and improved blood pressure.
However, some people may find that the stimulant effects of coffee can make them feel anxious or stressed, thus causing their blood pressure to spike. If this is the case, it’s important to limit the amount of coffee you’re consuming.
Overall Effects of Coffee on Blood Pressure
The overall effects of coffee on blood pressure depend on a number of individual factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, and sensitivity to caffeine. In general, drinking coffee in moderation appears to be safe for most people. However, those who are already at an increased risk of hypertension or have a history of heart disease should pay attention to their caffeine intake.
It’s also important to remember that coffee may not be the only factor in play when it comes to blood pressure. Other diet and lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and reducing stress, can also help keep your blood pressure in check.
