As much as we all enjoy a cup of coffee, the subject of ‘drinking coffee while pregnant’ is a controversial one. Some pregnant women, who already cut out alcohol, cigarettes, seafood and processed meats, might feel that drinking coffee is their only adult pleasure left. Nevertheless, experts warn against drinking any more than 1–2 cups of coffee per day even during pregnancy. This is because caffeine crosses the placenta and has the potential to harm an unborn baby.
Caffeine is a stimulant that can affect the baby’s heart rate and make unpleasant side-effects like nausea worse in some pregnant women. It has also been shown to increase the risks of low-birth weight and pregnancy loss. Studies conducted by the Mayo Clinic showed that pregnant women consuming more than 200 mg of caffeine (the equivalent of 2 cups of coffee) per day had twice the risk of a miscarriage compared to those not consuming any caffeine.
These risks are particularly significant in the first trimester of pregnancy. Harvard Health Publications estimates that between three and five cups of coffee is safe after the first trimester, but cautions expectant mothers to stay away from energy drinks which could have more hazardous effects.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends no more than 200–300 mg of caffeine (2–3 eight-ounce cups of coffee) per day for pregnant women. Furthermore, those suffering from gestational diabetes should speak to their doctor about their caffeine intake as it could exacerbate their condition.
Caffeine not only affects pregnant women, but unborn babies as well. According to a study conducted in 2014 by researchers in Norway, caffeine intake by expectant mothers was linked to reduced fetal growth and a slightly increased risk of preterm birth. However, the authors concluded that moderate caffeine intake had no statistically significant effects on fetal growth.
Aside from these physical effects, caffeine could also affect the mental well-being of pregnant women. Over-consumption of caffeine can cause anxiety, particularly in those prone to it. Therefore, even if caffeine intake does not affect their unborn baby, it is crucial for pregnant women to consider their own mental health.
Managing Coffee Intake
The most important advice to give pregnant women who are fond of coffee is to drink coffees with lower caffeine levels including blends such as decaffeinated coffee or tea instead of regular coffee. In general, most caffeinated beverages contain less caffeine than a cup of brewed coffee, so drinking one of those would be a great way to fill in your daily caffeine requirement without exceeding it.
For those who cannot have their day without coffee, it is important to switch to decaffeinated coffee with 1/3 of the original caffeinated dose. Alternatively, adding mocha or latte to coffee would also reduce the caffeine intake dramatically. Lastly, having smaller cups of coffee several times a day, for example two small mugs, would help as well. Overall, moderation is always key when it comes to any type of food or beverage during pregnancy.
Benefits Of Drinking Coffee While Pregnant
On the other hand, some experts argue that coffee can be beneficial during pregnancy. Conflicting evidence from Finland suggests that it could protect the baby from brain and neural tube defects. Similarly, a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 2015 suggested that coffee-drinkers gave birth to babies with better cognitive skills at one year of age. Despite these seemingly positive effects, pregnant women should use caution and stick to the recommended 2 cups per day.
Switching To Alternatives
If coffee is a must-have in your daily routine, perhaps you should reconsider some coffee alternatives instead. For example, drinking herbal or rooibos teas, or switching to some other naturally caffeine-free drinks such as coconut water could give you the same energy and hydration boost without the risks associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Additionally, snacking on nutritious and energy-rich foods might do the trick too.
Conclusion For Pregnant Coffee Lovers
To sum up, although moderate coffee consumption is generally seen as a safe practice, pregnant women should pay attention to how much coffee they are drinking, and switch to decafs or caffeine-free drinks when needed. Furthermore, the decision on whether to drink coffee or not during pregnancy should be largely up to personal discretion. Ultimately, pregnant women should take their doctor’s advice into account and seek medical help if they are in any doubt.
