It is no surprise that coffee consumption is a popular daily habit. Whether it be an energising cup of coffee to start the day or a leisurely latte to take a break, coffee is part of many people’s morning rituals. But, what should pregnant women consider when drinking coffee?
Caffeine is a stimulant and is known to cross the placenta, meaning that it directly affects the foetus. The American College of Obstetrics (ACOG) and other healthcare organisations recommend that pregnant women should limit their caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day (Sobering Facts, 2017). This is an equivalent to around two cups of brewed filter coffee, but it is important to note that many other foods contain levels of caffeine that should also be taken into accounted.
Many people are aware that caffeine can have an effect on fertility, however, new research suggests that consuming high levels of caffeine during pregnancy can also negatively affect the child’s growth, weight and survival rate, as well as the mother’s risk of having a preterm birth (Hviid, et al., 2019). Furthermore, even moderate levels of caffeine can increase anxiety amongst pregnant women (Millo, et al., 2017). From these studies, it is evident that pregnant women should be cautious when it comes to consuming caffeine and that it is advisable to limit their coffee intake.
So, when should coffee be reduced or eliminated altogether during pregnancy? Most health professionals agree that there is no definitive answer. Some advise that pregnant women should consume coffee only in the morning and limit the amount of cups to one or two, while others suggest that caffeine should be entirely avoided.
Additionally, research has suggested that pre-existing genetic factors might have a bearing on whether to reduce or completely avoid coffee during pregnancy. A study conducted by Wang et al. (2017) revealed that pregnant women who have the CYP1A2*1F allele, a gene variation that makes individuals more susceptible to the effects of drinking coffee, should take measures to reduce their daily consumption of caffeine. This means that pregnant women who have this specific gene variation should reduce the amount of coffee they drink during their pregnancy.
In conclusion, expectant mothers should be aware that while coffee might offer some benefits, there is no definitive answer as to how much coffee is safe during pregnancy. It is important to take one’s own genes into consideration as well guide by the advice of healthcare professionals.
What are the alternatives to coffee during pregnancy?
For expectant mothers who want to continue drinking coffee during their pregnancy, there are a few concerns that must be taken into consideration. Firstly, it is important to select organic or speciality options and drink decaffeinated coffee when possible. Additionally, a lower acidity in the coffee reduces the risk of heartburn and other tummy-related complaints.
When it comes to alternatives, it is best to steer away from conventional and especially energy drinks as they contain high levels of caffeine, sugar and other additives that are not recommended for pregnant women. One option which is gaining in popularity is herbal and decaffeinated teas. There is a tea for every palate, from Earl Grey, Chamomile, Rooibos, Green Tea, and many others. These are all low in caffeine and contain high levels of natural antioxidants.
Additional alternatives include hot and cold drinks containing extracts such as wheatgrass, ginger, mint and turmeric, or natural drinks made with oats, rice or grains.
Tips on how to reduce coffee intake during pregnancy
At the end of the day, reducing coffee intake during pregnancy is a personal decision that must be taken by taking into consideration one’s own medical and genetic history, lifestyle and pregnancy goals. Regardless of the decision taken, there are a few techniques that a pregnant woman can take to reduce her coffee intake without having to cut it cold turkey.
Firstly, switching to decaffeinated or non-caffeinated coffee is a great way to start. Secondly, breaking one’s coffee ritual into two halves (two ‘half’ cups of coffee instead of one whole cup) is a great way of gradually reducing caffeine intake and eventually switching to another drink by the end of the pregnancy.
Thirdly, healthy alternatives such as herbal teas or drinks with oat, rice or grain extracts can be a great option to replace morning coffee. These drinks are rich in antioxidants that are beneficial for both mother and baby, as well as a great way to relax and take a break along the day.
What about if I am a daily coffee drinker?
It is understandable that pregnant women who are used to and enjoy drinking coffee will find it difficult to completely eliminate it from their diet. However, if expectations are appropriately set and small steps towards reduction are taken early on, the transition towards a coffee-reduced lifestyle can be a much smoother process. Additionally, it can be a great time to explore different kinds of drinks and add variety to one’s routine.
In general, it is important to listen to the advice of one’s healthcare provider and adjust intake accordingly. It is also essential to take personal needs and preferences into consideration.
Is decaffeinated coffee still a concern during pregnancy?
In general, decaffeinated coffee is a better option than highly caffeinated coffee during pregnancy. Even though it is generally regarded as safe, it is important to note that decaffeinated coffee often contains trace amounts of caffeine, usually around 3% of the amount contained in a regular cup of coffee (Linowes, 2016). Furthermore, some decaffeinated coffee might have been treated with chemicals during the decaffeination process. Thus, it is advisable to select organic or speciality options when possible.
Additionally, pregnant women should be aware that decaffeinated coffee is not completely caffeine-free, as it contains about 5-13 mg of caffeine per cup, according to ACOG (Sobering Facts, 2017). It is important to keep track of the number of decaffeinated cups of coffee that are consumed during the day, as they can quickly add up and surpass the 200 mg limit that is recommended per day.
When it comes to other sources of caffeine, which should be avoided during pregnancy?
One of the most important things to note when it comes to other sources of caffeine during pregnancy is that not all sources of caffeine are as safe or as well known as coffee itself. Sources such as energy drinks, cocoa and chocolate products, medications and other dietary supplements can contain high levels of caffeine that accumulate throughout the day and represent a risk to the baby’s health.
Additionally, caffeine is sometimes an additive of other food products, such as some protein bars and granola. Pregnant women should be aware of hidden sources of caffeine and not rely solely on the product’s label, as it is not always possible for manufacturers to list every single additive. It is important to check the ingredients list and nutritional tables when possible and talk to one’s healthcare provider if in doubt.
