Background information
Caffeine is a stimulant drug that is present naturally in coffee, tea, cocoa and many other drinks. Pregnant women are advised to limit their caffeine intake to 200 mg per day. Drinking too much caffeine during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and miscarriage.
Research into the effects of drinking coffee while pregnant has been limited, and the results of studies that have been done are contradictory. There is good evidence that large amounts of caffeine, especially at the start of the pregnancy, may increase the risk of miscarriage. But, it is not clear whether drinking small to moderate amounts of coffee, such as one or two cups per day, is linked with an increased risk of any adverse pregnancy outcome.
Risks associated with drinking coffee when pregnant
Drinking coffee while pregnant can have a number of short-term and long-term risks. Short-term risks include high blood pressure and early labor, while the long-term risks are yet to be evaluated, but may include impaired cognitive development, behavioral issues, and birth defects.
Large doses of caffeine can affect the way the baby develops, as the caffeine crosses the placenta and enters the bloodstream of the fetus. Caffeine can also behave like a drug for the fetus and can affect the baby’s heart rate.
Research also suggests that too much caffeine can result in a decrease in the production of breast milk, leading to an inadequate nutrient supply for the baby after delivery.
The impact of caffeine on maternal health
Drinking coffee while pregnant can have an impact on the mother’s health, as well as the baby’s. Caffeine can affect the body’s ability to absorb important vitamins and minerals, such as iron, magnesium, and calcium.
Caffeine can also cause insomnia and disrupt sleep for the mother, which may affect her mood and energy levels throughout the day. This can lead to feeling exhausted and may lead to depression.
Scientists have also suggested that caffeine can cross the placenta and affect the baby’s central nervous system. This can lead to poor cognitive development, behavior problems and reduced attention span in the baby later in life.
The impact of caffeine on fetal health
Research suggests that regular consumption of caffeine whilst pregnant can lead to an increase in the chance of the baby having a low birth weight and being born prematurely. This can lead to an increased risk of health and development problems.
Drinking coffee while pregnant can also cause the baby to be irritable and jittery, making them more difficult to soothe. This can last until they are around three months old.
There is also evidence that drinking coffee while pregnant can lead to an increased risk of miscarriages, particularly in low doses, and can have a detrimental effect on the baby’s heart rate.
Reactions from health professionals
Health professionals generally agree that drinking coffee or any other caffeinated beverages should be avoided during pregnancy.
The American Pregnancy Association recommends that pregnant women avoid excessive caffeine consumption, as it can increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm labor, and low birth weight.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has also raised its concerns about caffeine consumption during pregnancy and recommends limiting caffeine intake to a maximum of 200 mg per day.
Alternatives to coffee
For women who are pregnant, it is important to remember that there are plenty of alternatives to coffee. Herbal teas, decaffeinated coffee and carbonated drinks such as lemonade and cola are all healthy and safe alternatives.
Fruit juices are also a great source of natural sweetness and flavor. Some fruit juices also contain beneficial vitamins and minerals which can help with maternal health.
Conclusion
Overall, it is important to remember that drinking coffee while pregnant is never recommended. There are a number of risks associated with consuming caffeine when pregnant, including increased risk of miscarriage and preterm labor, as well as potential long-term risks for the baby. It is therefore important to limit the intake of caffeine when pregnant or to opt for some healthier alternatives.
